|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | Echinocereus |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - abbeae | → | Echinocereus fasciculatus |  | - pectinatus fa. rufispinus | → | Echinocereus pectinatus | 
    
      | - acifer | → | Echinocereus polyacanths ssp. acifer |  | - - fa. texensis | → | Echinocereus pectinatus | 
    
      | - - ssp. huitcholensis | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. huitcholensis |  | - - ssp. ctenoides | → | Echinocereus dasyacanthus | 
    
      | - - ssp. tubiflorus | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. acifer |  | - - ssp. pectinatus |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. trichacanthus | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. acifer |  | - - ssp. wenigeri |  |  | 
    
      | - adustus |  |  |  | - - var. bristolii | → | Echinocereus bristolii | 
    
      | - - ssp. adustus |  |  |  | - - var. caespitosus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. reichenbachii | 
    
      | - - ssp. bonatzii |  |  |  | - - var. castaneus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii | 
    
      | - - ssp. roemerianus |  |  |  | - - var. centralis | → | Echinomastus intertextus | 
    
      | - - ssp. schwarzii |  |  |  | - - var. ctenoides | → | Echinocereus dasyacanthus | 
    
      | - - var. schwarzii | → | Echinocereus adustus ssp. schwarzii |  | - - var. dasyacanthus | → | Echinocereus dasyacanthus | 
    
      | - aggregatus | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - var. minor | → | Echinocereus roetteri | 
    
      | - aguirrei | → | Echinocereus pulchellus ssp. pulchellus |  | - - var. neomexicanus | → | Echinocereus dasyacanthus | 
    
      | - albatus | → | Echinocereus nivosus |  | - - var. reichenbachii | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii | 
    
      | - albiflorus | → | Echinocereus enneacanthus |  | - - var. rigidissimus | → | Echinocereus rigidissimus | 
    
      | - albiflorus | → | Echinocereus fendleri ssp. fendleri |  | - - var. robustior | → | Echinocereus rigidissimus | 
    
      | - albispinus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. baileyi |  | - - var. rubispinus | → | Echinocereus rigidissimus ssp. rubispinus | 
    
      | - amoenus | → | Echinocereus pulchellus ssp. pulchellus |  | - - var. wenigeri | → | Echinocereus pectinatus ssp. wenigeri | 
    
      | - angusticeps | → | Echinocereus papillosus |  | - penicilliformis | → | Cereus sp. | 
    
      | - apachensis |  |  |  | - pensilis |  |  | 
    
      | - arizonicus | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - pentalophus |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. matudae | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - cv. albiflorus | → | Echinocereus pentalophus | 
    
      | - - ssp. nigrihorridispinus | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - ssp. leonensis |  |  | 
    
      | - armatus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. armatus |  | - - ssp. pentalophus |  |  | 
    
      | - baileyi | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. baileyi |  | - - ssp. procumbens |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. albispinus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. baileyi |  | - - var. ehrenbergii | → | Echinocereus cinerascens ssp. cinerascens | 
    
      | - - var. brunispinus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. baileyi |  | - - var. leonensis | → | Echinocereus pentalophus ssp. leonensis | 
    
      | - - var. caespiticus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. baileyi |  | - - var. procumbens | → | Echinocereus pentalophus ssp. procumbens | 
    
      | - - var. flavispinus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. baileyi |  | - - var. tulensis | → | Echinocereus cinerascens ssp. tulensis | 
    
      | - - var. roseispinus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. baileyi |  | - perbellus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. perbellus | 
    
      | - barcena | → | Echinocereus parkeri |  | - persolutus | → | Cereus sp. | 
    
      | - berlandieri |  |  |  | - phoeniceus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - barthelowanus |  |  |  | - - fa. brevispinus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - - var. angusticeps | → | Echinocereus papillosus |  | - - fa. conoideus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - - var. blanckii | → | Echinocereus enneacanthus ssp. brevispinus |  | - - fa. densus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - - var. papillosus | → | Echinocereus papillosus |  | - - fa. inermis | → | Echinocereus triglochidiatus | 
    
      | - - var. poselgerianus | → | Echinocereus berlandieri |  | - - fa. utahensis | → | Echinocereus sp. | 
    
      | - blanckii | → | Echinocereus enneacanthus ssp. brevispinus |  | - - var. albispinus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - - var. angusticeps | → | Echinocereus papillosus |  | - - var. conoideus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - - var. berlandieri | → | Echinocereus berlandieri |  | - - var. inermis | → | Echinocereus triglochidiatus | 
    
      | ↑ |  |  |  | ↑ |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. papillosus | → | Echinocereus papillosus |  | - - var. longispinus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - blankii | → | Echinocereus berlandieri |  | - - var. rufispinus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - bolansis | → | Echinocereus stramineus |  | - pleiogonus | → | Echinocereus sp. | 
    
      | - bonatzii | → | Echinocereus adustus ssp. bonatzii |  | - polyacanthus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - bonkerae |  |  |  | - - fa. albispinus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - - fa. apachensis | → | Echinocereus apachensis |  | - - fa. bergeanus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - - fa. boyce-thompsonii | → | Echinocereus boyce-thompsonii |  | - - fa. galtieri | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - boyce-thompsonii |  |  |  | - - fa. longispinus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - - var. bonkerae | → | Echinocereus bonkerae |  | - - fa. nigrispinus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - brandegeei |  |  |  | - - fa. rufispinus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - - var. sanborgianus | → | Echinocereus brandegeei |  | - - ssp. acifer |  |  | 
    
      | - bristolii |  |  |  | - - ssp. huitcholensis |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. floresii | → | Echinocereus sciurus ssp. floresii |  | - - ssp. mombergerianus | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. pacificus | 
    
      | - - var. pseudopectinatus | → | Echinocereus pseudopectinatus |  | - - ssp. pacificus |  |  | 
    
      | - caespitosus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. reichenbachii |  | - - ssp. polyacanthus |  |  | 
    
      | - - fa. castaneus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii |  | - - var. densus | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. acifer | 
    
      | - - var. castaneus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii |  | - - var. galtieri | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - - var. major | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii |  | - - var. huitcholensis | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. huitcholensis | 
    
      | - - var. minor | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. reichenbachii |  | - - var. longispinus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - - var. perbellus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. perbellus |  | - - var. neomexicanus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - - var. purpureus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. reichenbachii |  | - - var. nigrihorridispinus | → | Echinocereus sp. | 
    
      | - - var. reichenbachii | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii |  | - - var. nigrispinus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - candicans | → | Echinopsis candicans |  | - - var. octacanthus | → | Echinocereus sp. | 
    
      | - canyonensis | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - var. pacificus | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. pacificus | 
    
      | - carmenensis | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. chloranthus |  | - - var. phoeniceus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - carnosus | → | Echinocereus enneacanthus ssp. brevispinus |  | - - var. rosei | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - castaneus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii |  | - polycephalus | → | Echinocereus sp. | 
    
      | - centralis | → | Echinomastus intertextus |  | - - var. albispinus | → | Echinocereus sp. | 
    
      | - cereiformis | → | Echinocereus berlandieri |  | - - var. brevinigrispinus | → | Echinocereus sp. | 
    
      | - - | → | Echinocereus enneacanthus |  | - - var. nigrispinus | → | Echinocereus sp. | 
    
      | - chiloensis | → | Echinopsis chiloensis |  | - - var. phoeniceus | → | Echinocereus sp. | 
    
      | - chisoensis |  |  |  | - - var. spinosissimus | → | Echinocereus sp. | 
    
      | - - var. chisoensis |  |  |  | - polylophus | → | Echinocereus sp. | 
    
      | - - var. fobeanus |  |  |  | - poselgeri |  |  | 
    
      | - chisosensis | → | Echinocereus chisoensis |  | - - ssp. gerhardii |  |  | 
    
      | - chloranthus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. chloranthus |  | - - ssp. kroenleinii | → | Echinocereus poselgeri | 
    
      | - - ssp. cylindricus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. cylindricus |  | - poselgerianus | → | Echinocereus berlandieri | 
    
      | - - ssp. neocapillus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. chloranthus |  | - primolanatus |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. rhyolithensis | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. chloranthus |  | - princeps | → | Echinocereus sp. | 
    
      | - - var. albispinus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. chloranthus |  | - procumbens | → | Echinocereus pentalophus ssp. procumbens | 
    
      | ↑ |  |  |  | ↑ |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. chloranthus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. chloranthus |  | - - var. longispinus | → | Echinocereus berlandieri | 
    
      | - - var. cylindricus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. cylindricus |  | - pseudopectinatus |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. flavispinus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. chloranthus |  | - pulchellus |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. neocapillus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. chloranthus |  | - - ssp. acanthosetus |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. russanthus | → | Echinocereus russanthus |  | - - ssp.  pulchellus |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. senilis | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. chloranthus |  | - - ssp.  sharpii |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. vulpis-cauda | → | Echinocereus russanthus |  | - - ssp. sladkovskyi | → | Echinocereus pulchellus ssp. pulchellus | 
    
      | - chlorophthalmus | → | Echinocereus cinerascens ssp. cinerascens |  | - - ssp. venustus | → | Echinocereus pulchellus ssp. weinbergii | 
    
      | - chrysocentrus | → | Echinocereus engelmannii var. chrysocentrus |  | - - ssp. weinbergii |  |  | 
    
      | - cinerascens |  |  |  | - - var. acanthosetus | → | Echinocereus pulchellus ssp. acanthosetus | 
    
      | - - ssp. cinerascens |  |  |  | - - var. amoenus | → | Echinocereus pulchellus ssp. pulchellus | 
    
      | - - ssp. ehrenbergii | → | Echinocereus cinerascens ssp. cinerascens |  | - - var. costatus | → | Echinocereus pulchellus ssp. pulchellus | 
    
      | - - ssp. septentrionalis |  |  |  | - - var. sharpii | → | Echinocereus pulchellus ssp. sharpii | 
    
      | - - ssp. tulensis |  |  |  | - - var. weinbergii | → | Echinocereus pulchellus ssp. weinbergii | 
    
      | - - var. ehrenbergii | → | Echinocereus cinerascens ssp. cinerascens |  | - purpureus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. reichenbachii | 
    
      | - - var. septentrionalis | → | Echinocereus cinerascens ssp. septentrionalis |  | - radians | → | Echinocereus adustus ssp. adustus | 
    
      | - - var. tulensis | → | Echinocereus cinerascens ssp. tulensis |  | - raphicephalus | → | Echinocereus sp. | 
    
      | - cirrhifer | → | Echinocereus cinerascens ssp. cinerascens |  | - rayonesensis |  |  | 
    
      | - clavatus | → | Austrocactus spiniflorus |  | - rectispinus | → | Echinocereus fendleri ssp. rectispinus | 
    
      | - coccineus |  |  |  | - - var. robustus | → | Echinocereus fasciculatus | 
    
      | - - ssp. aggregatus | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - reichenbachianus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii | 
    
      | - - ssp. mojavensis | → | Echinocereus mojavensis |  | - reichenbachii |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. paucispinus | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - ssp. armatus |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. roemeri | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - ssp. baileyi |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. rosei | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - ssp. burrensis |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. arizonicus | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - ssp. caespitosus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. reichenbachii | 
    
      | - - var. conoideus | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - ssp. fitchii |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. gurneyi | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - ssp. perbellus |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. inermis | → | Echinocereus triglochidiatus |  | - - ssp. reichenbachii |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. kunzei | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - var. albertii | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. fitchii | 
    
      | - - var. paucispinus | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - var. albiflorus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii | 
    
      | - cochisei | → | Echinocereus pseudopectinatus |  | - - var. albispinus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. baileyi | 
    
      | - conglomerates | → | Echinocereus stramineus ssp. stramineus |  | - - var. armatus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. armatus | 
    
      | - conoideus | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - var. aureiflorus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii | 
    
      | - - var. cristatus | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - var. baileyi | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. baileyi | 
    
      | - ctenoides | → | Echinocereus dasyacanthus |  | - - var. caespitosus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. reichenbachii | 
    
      | - cucumis | → | Echinocereus scheeri ssp. gentryi |  | - - var. chisoensis | → | Echinocereus chisoensis | 
    
      | - dasyacanthus |  |  |  | - - var. fitchii | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. fitchii | 
    
      | - - ssp. rectispinus | → | Echinocereus dasyacanthus |  | - - var. perbellus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. perbellus | 
    
      | - - var. ctenoides | → | Echinocereus dasyacanthus |  | - rigidispinus | → | Cereus sp. | 
    
      | ↑ |  |  |  | ↑ |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. hildmannii | → | Echinocereus dasyacanthus |  | - rigidissimus |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. rectispinus | → | Echinocereus dasyacanthus |  | - - ssp. rigidissimus |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. rigidissimus | → | Echinocereus rigidissimus |  | - - ssp. rubispinus |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. ruber | → | Echinocereus sp. |  | - - var. rubispinus | → | Echinocereus rigidissimus ssp. rubispinus | 
    
      | - - var. steereae | → | Echinocereus dasyacanthus |  | - robustus | → | Echinocereus fasciculatus | 
    
      | - - var. violaceus | → | Echinocereus sp. |  | - roemeri | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - davisii | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. davisii |  | - roetteri (x roetteri) |  |  | 
    
      | - decumbens | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - var. lloydii | → | Echinocereus roetteri | 
    
      | - degandii | → | Echinocereus pectinatus |  | - rosei | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - delaetii | → | Echinocereus longisetus ssp. delaetii |  | - rotatus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii | 
    
      | - - var. freudenbergeri | → | Echinocereus freudenbergeri |  | - rubescens | → | Echinocereus pectinatus | 
    
      | - dubius | → | Echinocereus enneacanthus ssp. enneacanthus |  | - rufispinus | → | Echinocereus adustus ssp. adustus | 
    
      | - durangensis | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. polyacanthus |  | - rungei | → | Echinocereus papillosus | 
    
      | - ehrenbergii | → | Echinocereus cinerascens ssp. cinerascens |  | - runyonii | → | Echinocereus pentalophus | 
    
      | - emoryi | → | Bergerocactus emoryi |  | - russanthus |  |  | 
    
      | - engelmannii |  |  |  | - - ssp. fiehnii | → | Echinocereus russanthus | 
    
      | -  - fa. chrysocentrus | → | Echinocereus engelmannii var. chrysocentrus |  | - - ssp. weedinii | → | Echinocereus russanthus | 
    
      | -  - var. robustior | → | Echinocereus engelmannii |  | - - var. fiehnii | → | Echinocereus russanthus | 
    
      | - - var. variegatus | → | Echinocereus engelmannii var. variegatus |  | - - var. milled | → | Echinocereus russanthus | 
    
      | - - ssp. decumbens | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - salm-dyckianus | → | Echinocereus scheeri ssp. scheeri | 
    
      | - - ssp. fasciculatus | → | Echinocereus fasciculatus |  | - - fa. obscuriensis | → | Echinocereus scheeri ssp. scheeri | 
    
      | - - ssp. llanuraensis | → | Echinocereus nicholii ssp. llanuraensis |  | - - ssp. bacanorensis | → | Echinocereus scheeri ssp. scheeri | 
    
      | - - ssp. variegatus | → | Echinocereus engelmannii var. variegatus |  | - - ssp. obscuriensis | → | Echinocereus scheeri ssp. scheeri | 
    
      | - - var. acicularis |  |  |  | - salmianus | → | Echinocereus scheeri ssp. scheeri | 
    
      | - - var. albispinus | → | Echinocereus engelmannii |  | - sandersii | → | Echinocereus mojavensis | 
    
      | - - var. armatus |  |  |  | - sanpedroensis | → | Echinocereus scheeri ssp. scheeri | 
    
      | - - var. chrysocentrus |  |  |  | - santaritensis | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. polyacanthus | 
    
      | - - var. decumbens | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - sarissophorus | → | Echinocereus enneacanthus ssp. enneacanthus | 
    
      | - - var. engelmannii |  |  |  | - scheeri |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. fulvispinus | → | Echinocereus engelmannii |  | - - ssp. gentryi |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. howei |  |  |  | - - ssp. obscuriensis | → | Echinocereus scheeri ssp. scheeri | 
    
      | - - var. munzii |  |  |  | - - ssp. paridensis | → | Echinocereus scheeri ssp. scheeri | 
    
      | - - var. nicholii | → | Echinocereus nicholii |  | - - ssp. polyacanthoides | → | Echinocereus scheeri ssp. scheeri | 
    
      | - - var. pfersdorffii | → | Echinocereus engelmannii |  | - - ssp. rischeri | → | Echinocereus scheeri ssp. scheeri | 
    
      | - - var. purpureus |  |  |  | - - ssp. scheeri |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. robustior | → | Echinocereus engelmannii |  | - - var. australis | → | Echinocereus ortegae | 
    
      | - - var. variegatus |  |  |  | - - var. gentryi | → | Echinocereus scheeri ssp. gentryi | 
    
      | - - var. versicolor | → | Echinocereus engelmannii |  | - - var. gentryi "Cucumis" | → | Echinocereus scheeri ssp. gentryi | 
    
      | - enneacanthus |  |  |  | - - var. koehresianus | → | Echinocereus ortegae | 
    
      | - - fa. brevispinus | → | Echinocereus enneacanthus ssp. brevispinus |  | - - var. obscuriensis | → | Echinocereus scheeri ssp. scheeri | 
    
      | ↑ |  |  |  | ↑ |  |  | 
    
      | - - fa. carnosus | → | Echinocereus enneacanthus ssp. brevispinus |  | - - var. salm-dyckianus | → | Echinocereus scheeri ssp. scheeri | 
    
      | - - fa. intermedius | → | Echinocereus enneacanthus ssp. enneacanthus |  | - schereri |  |  | 
    
      | - - fa. major | → | Echinocereus enneacanthus |  | - - var. bonatzii | → | Echinocereus adustus ssp. bonatzii | 
    
      | - - ssp. brevispinus |  |  |  | - schmollii |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. enneacanthus |  |  |  | - schwarzii | → | Echinocereus adustus ssp. schwarzii | 
    
      | - - var. brevispinus | → | Echinocereus enneacanthus ssp. brevispinus |  | - sciurus |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. carnosus | → | Echinocereus enneacanthus ssp. brevispinus |  | - - ssp. floresii |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. conglomeratus | → | Echinocereus stramineus ssp. stramineus |  | - - ssp. sciurus |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. dubius | → | Echinocereus enneacanthus ssp. enneacanthus |  | - - var. floresii | → | Echinocereus sciurus ssp. floresii | 
    
      | - - var. major | → | Echinocereus enneacanthus |  | - scopulorum |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. stramineus | → | Echinocereus stramineus |  | - - ssp. pseudopectinatus | → | Echinocereus pseudopectinatus | 
    
      | - fasciculatus |  |  |  | - serpentinus | → | Peniocereus serpentinus | 
    
      | - - ssp. bonkerae | → | Echinocereus bonkerae |  | - setosus | → | Echinocereus freudenbergeri | 
    
      | - - ssp. boyce-thompsonii | → | Echinocereus boyce-thompsonii |  | - spachianus | → | Echinopsis spachiana | 
    
      | - - ssp.var. bonkerae | → | Echinocereus bonkerae |  | - spinibarbis | → | Echinocereus cinerascens ssp. cinerascens | 
    
      | - - ssp. boyce-thompsonii | → | Echinocereus boyce-thompsonii |  | - - | → | Echinopsis spinibarbis | 
    
      | - fendleri |  |  |  | - spinigemmatus |  |  | 
    
      | - - fa. major | → | Echinocereus fendleri ssp. fendleri |  | - spinosissimus | → | Echinocereus dasyacanthus | 
    
      | - - ssp. fendleri |  |  |  | - standleyi | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. viridiflorus | 
    
      | - - ssp. hempelii |   |  |  | - steereae | → | Echinocereus dasyacanthus | 
    
      | - - ssp. rectispinus |  |  |  | - stolonifer |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. albiflorus | → | Echinocereus fendleri ssp. fendleri |  | - - ssp. stolonifer |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. bonkerae | → | Echinocereus bonkerae |  | - - ssp. tayopensis |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. boyce-thompsonii | → | Echinocereus boyce-thompsonii |  | - - var. tayopensis | → | Echinocereus stolonifer ssp. tayopensis | 
    
      | - - var. fasciculatus | → | Echinocereus fasciculatus |  | - stramineus |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. kuenzleri | → | Echinocereus fendleri ssp. fendleri |  | - - fa. major | → | Echinocereus stramineus ssp. stramineus | 
    
      | - - var. ledingii | → | Echinocereus ledingii |  | - - ssp. occidentalis |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. pauperculus | → | Echinocereus fendleri ssp. fendleri |  | - - ssp. stramineus |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. rectispinus | → | Echinocereus fendleri ssp. rectispinus |  | - - var. conglomeratus | → | Echinocereus stramineus ssp. stramineus | 
    
      | - - var. robustu | → | Echinocereus fasciculatus |  | - - var. major | → | Echinocereus stramineus ssp. stramineus | 
    
      | - - var. robustus | → | Echinocereus fendleri ssp. fendleri |  | - - var. occidentalis | → | Echinocereus stramineus ssp. occidentalis | 
    
      | - ferreirianus |  |  |  | - - var. ruberrimus | → | Echinocereus stramineus ssp. stramineus | 
    
      | - - ssp. ferreirianus |  |  |  | - strausianus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus | 
    
      | - - ssp. lindsayi |  |  |  | - strigosus | → | Echinopsis strigosa | 
    
      | - - var. lindsayi | → | Echinocereus ferreirianus ssp. lindsayi |  | - subinermis |  |  | 
    
      | - finnii | → | Echinocereus russanthus |  | - - fa. luteus | → | Echinocereus subinermis ssp. subinermis | 
    
      | - fitchii | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. fitchii |  | - - ssp. ochoterenae |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. albertii | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. fitchii |  | - - ssp. subinermis |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. armatus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. armatus |  | - - var. aculeatus | → | Echinocereus subinermis ssp. subinermis | 
    
      | - - ssp. bergmannii |  |  |  | - - var. luteus | → | Echinocereus subinermis ssp. subinermis | 
    
      | ↑ |  |  |  | ↑ |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. brunispinus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. fitchii |  | - - var. ochoterenae | → | Echinocereus subinermis ssp. ochoterenae | 
    
      | - floresii | → | Echinocereus sciurus ssp. floresii |  | - subterraneus | → | Echinocereus sciurus | 
    
      | - fobeanus | → | Echinocereus chisoensis var. fobeanus |  | - tamaulipensis | → | Echinocereus poselgeri | 
    
      | - - ssp. metornii | → | Echinocereus chisoensis var. fobeanus |  | - tamaulipensis | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. reichenbachii | 
    
      | - freudenbergeri |  |  |  | - - ssp. deherdtii | → | Echinocereus poselgeri | 
    
      | - galtieri | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - ssp. tamaulipensis | → | Echinocereus poselgeri | 
    
      | - gentryi | → | Echinocereus scheeri ssp. gentryi |  | - - ssp. waldeisii | → | Echinocereus poselgeri | 
    
      | - glycimorphus | → | Echinocereus cinerascens ssp. cinerascens |  | - tayopensis | → | Echinocereus stolonifer ssp. tayopensis | 
    
      | - gonacanthus | → | Echinocereus triglochidiatus |  | - texensis | → | Echinocereus papillosus | 
    
      | - grandis |  |  |  | - topiensis | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus | 
    
      | - hancockii | → | Echinocereus maritimus ssp. hancockii |  | - toroweapensis | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - hempelii | → | Echinocereus fendleri ssp. hempelii |  | - triglochidiatus |  |  | 
    
      | - hexaedrus | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - fa. inermis | → | Echinocereus triglochidiatus | 
    
      | - hildmannii | → | Echinocereus dasyacanthus |  | - - ssp. acifer | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. acifer | 
    
      | - huitcholensis | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. huitcholensis |  | - - ssp. coccineus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - klapperi |  |  |  | - - ssp. huitcholensis | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. huitcholensis | 
    
      | - - ssp. bacanorensis | → | Echinocereus scheeri ssp. scheeri |  | - - ssp. mojavensis | → | Echinocereus mojavensis | 
    
      | - knippelianus |  |  |  | - - ssp. pacificus | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. pacificus | 
    
      | - - ssp. kaplanii | → | Echinocereus knippelianus |  | - - ssp. polyacanthus | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus | 
    
      | - - ssp. kruegeri | → | Echinocereus knippelianus |  | - - var. acifer | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. acifer | 
    
      | - - ssp. reyesii | → | Echinocereus knippelianus |  | - - var. arizonicus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - - var. albiflorus | → | Echinocereus knippelianus |  | - - var. coccineus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - - var. kruegeri | → | Echinocereus knippelianus |  | - - var. gonacanthus | → | Echinocereus triglochidiatus | 
    
      | - - var. reyesii | → | Echinocereus knippelianus |  | - - var. gurneyi | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - - var. schatzlei | → | Echinocereus knippelianus |  | - - var. hexaedrus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - koehresianus | → | Echinocereus ortegae |  | - - var. inermis | → | Echinocereus triglochidiatus | 
    
      | - koehresianus | → | Echinocereus ortegae |  | - - var. melanacanthus | → | Echinocereus sp. | 
    
      | - krausei | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - var. mojavensis | → | Echinocereus mojavensis | 
    
      | - kroenleinii | → | Echinocereus poselgeri |  | - - var. multicostatus | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. polyacanthus | 
    
      | - kuenzleri | → | Echinocereus fendleri ssp. fendleri |  | - - var. neomexicanus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - kunzei | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - var. pacificus | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. pacificus | 
    
      | - labouretianu | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus |  | - - var. paucispinus | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - labouretii | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus |  | - - var. polyacanthus | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus | 
    
      | - lamprochlorus | → | Echinopsis lamprochlora |  | - - var. rosei | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - laui |  |  |  | - - var. toroweapensis | → | Echinocereus coccineus | 
    
      | - ledingii |  |  |  | - trockyi | → | Echinocereus sp. | 
    
      | - leeanus | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. polyacanthus |  | - tuberosus | → | Echinocereus poselgeri | 
    
      | - - var. multicostatus | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. polyacanthus |  | - tulensis | → | Echinocereus cinerascens ssp. tulensis | 
    
      | - leonensis | → | Echinocereus pentalophus ssp. leonensis |  | - uehrii | → | Echinocereus sp. | 
    
      | - leptacanthus | → | Echinocereus pentalophus ssp. pentalophus |  | - uspenskii | → | Echinocereus enneacanthus ssp. enneacanthus | 
    
      | ↑ |  |  |  | ↑ |  |  | 
    
      | - leucanthus |  |  |  | - vatteri | → | Echinocereus viereckii | 
    
      | - lindsayi | → | Echinocereus ferreirianus ssp. lindsayi |  | - viereckii |  |  | 
    
      | - llanuraensis | → | Echinocereus nicholii ssp. llanuraensis |  | - - ssp. huastecensis |  |  | 
    
      | - lloydii (x lloydii) | → | Echinocereus roetteri |  | - - ssp. morricalii |  |  | 
    
      | - longisetus |  |  |  | - - ssp. viereckii |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. delaetii |  |  |  | - - var. morricalii | → | Echinocereus viereckii ssp. morricalii | 
    
      | - - ssp. freudenbergeri | → | Echinocereus freudenbergeri |  | - viridiflorus |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. longisetus |  |  |  | - - fa. chloranthus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. chloranthus | 
    
      | - - var. albatus | → | Echinocereus nivosus |  | - - fa. chrysacanthus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus | 
    
      | - - var. delaetii | → | Echinocereus longisetus ssp. delaetii |  | - - fa. davisii | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. davisii | 
    
      | - longispinus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. baileyi |  | - - fa. faciliflorus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus | 
    
      | - lowryi | → | Echinocereus enneacanthus |  | - - fa. gracilispinus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus | 
    
      | - luteus | → | Echinocereus subinermis ssp. subinermis |  | - - fa. longispinus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus | 
    
      | - madrensis | → | Echinocereus adustus ssp. schwarzii |  | - - fa. sanguineus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus | 
    
      | - mamillatus | → | Echinocereus brandegeei |  | - - ssp. chloranthus |  |  | 
    
      | - mapimiensis |  |  |  | - - ssp. correllii |  |  | 
    
      | - mariae | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. reichenbachii |  | - - ssp. cylindricus |  |  | 
    
      | - maritimus |  |  |  | - - ssp. davisii |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. hancockii |  |  |  | - - ssp. viridiflorus |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. maritimus |  |  |  | - - var. chloranthus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. chloranthus | 
    
      | - - var. hancockii | → | Echinocereus maritimus ssp. hancockii |  | - - var. canus |  |  | 
    
      | - marksianus | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. acifer |  | - - var. correllii | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. correllii | 
    
      | - matthesianus | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. huitcholensis |  | - - var. cylindricus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. cylindricus | 
    
      | - matudae | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - var. davisii | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. davisii | 
    
      | - melanacanthus | → | Echinocereus sp. |  | - - var. gracilispinus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus | 
    
      | - melanocentrus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. fitchii |  | - - var. intermedius | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. chloranthus | 
    
      | - merkeri | → | Echinocereus enneacanthus ssp. enneacanthus |  | - - var. major | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus | 
    
      | - metornii | → | Echinocereus chisoensis var. fobeanus |  | - - var. ruber | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. viridiflorus | 
    
      | - milleri | → | Echinocereus russanthus |  | - - var. ruberissimus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. viridiflorus | 
    
      | - mojavensis |  |  |  | - - var. ruberrimus | → | Echinocereus sp. | 
    
      | - - var. zunienis | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - - var. standleyi | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. viridiflorus | 
    
      | - mombergerianus | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. pacificus |  | - - var. tubulosus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. cylindricus | 
    
      | - monacanthus | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  | - waldeisii | → | Echinocereus poselgeri | 
    
      | - morricalii | → | Echinocereus viereckii ssp. morricalii |  | - websterianus |  |  | 
    
      | - multicostatus | → | Echinocereus sp. |  | - weinbergii | → | Echinocereus pulchellus ssp. weinbergii | 
    
      | - munzii | → | Echinocereus engelmannii var. munzii |  | - yavapaiensis |  |  | 
    
      | - neocapillus | → | Echinocereus viridiflorus ssp. chloranthus |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - neomexicanus | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - nicholii |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. llanuraensis |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | ↑ |  |  |  | ↑ |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. nicholii |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - nivosus |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - ochoterenae | → | Echinocereus subinermis ssp. ochoterenae |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - octacanthus | → | Echinocereus sp. |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - oklahomensis | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. baileyi |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - orcuttii | → | Echinocereus maritimus ssp. maritimus |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - ortegae |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. koehresianus | → | Echinocereus ortegae |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - pacificus | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. pacificus |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. mombergerianus | → | Echinocereus polyacanthus ssp. pacificus |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - pailanus | → | Echinocereus sp. |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - palmeri |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. escobedensis | → | Echinocereus palmeri |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - pamanesiorum |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. bonatzii | → | Echinocereus adustus ssp. bonatzii |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - papillosus |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. angusticeps | → | Echinocereus papillosus |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. rubescens | → | Echinocereus pectinatus |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - parkeri |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - fa. arteagensis | → | Echinocereus parkeri ssp. arteagensis |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. arteagensis |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. gonzalezii |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. mazapilensis |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - ssp. parkeri |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. gonzalezii | → | Echinocereus parkeri ssp. gonzalezii |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. mazapilensis | → | Echinocereus parkeri ssp. mazapilensis |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - paucispinus | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - fa. flavispinus | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - fa. gonacanthus | → | Echinocereus triglochidiatus |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - fa. hexaedrus | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - fa. triglochidiatus | → | Echinocereus triglochidiatus |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. gonacanthus | → | Echinocereus triglochidiatus |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. hexaedrus | → | Echinocereus coccineus |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - var. triglochidiatus | → | Echinocereus triglochidiatus |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - pectinatus |  |  |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - fa. caespitosus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii ssp. reichenbachii |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - fa. candicans | → | Echinocereus pectinatus |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - fa. castaneus | → | Echinocereus reichenbachii |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - fa. castaneus | → | Echinocereus pectinatus |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | - - fa. rigidissimus | → | Echinocereus rigidissimus |  |  |  |  | 
    
      | ↑ |  |  |  | ↑ |  |  |